🧠 Processor (CPU)
The processor carries out calculations and instructions. Think of it as the part that works through tasks step by step.
How does a computer work?
What do the CPU and memory do? What are an SSD, Windows and a router for? Here I explain the main parts one step at a time.
The basic process
You click a program. The computer loads it, processes your actions and displays the result on screen.
InputMouse, keyboard or touchscreen
ProcessingProcessor works with memory
OutputGraphics and sound are produced
ResultScreen, speakers or printer
And the SSD? It keeps programs and files for the long term. When needed, the computer loads them into memory.
The main parts
📝 Memory (RAM)
This holds what the computer is using right now. More memory helps keep several programs open at once. It clears when the computer is turned off.
🗄️ SSD or hard drive
This keeps Windows, programs and files even after shutdown. An SSD is usually much faster than an older hard drive.
🖼️ Graphics card (GPU)
It creates images and video for the screen. Built-in graphics are often enough for office work; games and 3D often need more graphics power.
🧩 Motherboard
The main board connects the parts. The processor, memory, ports and other components communicate through it.
🔌 Power supply and battery
They provide electricity. A laptop battery stores power for travel; a desktop PC usually uses a power supply plugged into the wall.
Programs, Windows and the internet
Windows: the operating system
Windows manages the hardware and provides the screen and menus you use. It helps programs work with the keyboard, display, files and printer.
Apps and programs
A program does a particular job, such as writing, viewing photos or browsing the web. It uses Windows and the computer’s components.
Wi-Fi and the internet
Wi-Fi connects devices wirelessly to your router. The router usually connects them to the internet. Wi-Fi can still work even when the internet connection is down.
Files and folders
Photos, letters and videos are files. Folders help organize them—like labelled folders in a filing cabinet.
Remember: RAM clears when the computer shuts down. Files saved to an SSD or hard drive stay there.